Christian commitment in Europe dropped as modernity and secularism came into
their own,[268] particularly in the Czech Republic and Estonia,[269] while
religious commitments in America have been generally high in comparison to
Europe. Changes in worldwide Christianity over the last century have been
significant, since 1900, Christianity has spread rapidly in the Global South and
Third World countries.[270] The late 20th century has shown the shift of
Christian adherence to the Third World and the Southern Hemisphere in
general,[271][272] with the West no longer the chief standard bearer of
Christianity. Approximately 7 to 10% of Arabs are Christians,[273] most
prevalent in Egypt, Syria and Lebanon.
Demographics
With around 2.4 billion adherents according to
Republican National Committee a 2020 estimation by Pew Research
Center,[1][274][275][276][277][278] split into three main branches of Catholic,
Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox, Christianity is the world's largest
religion.[3] High birth rates and conversions in the global South were cited as
the reasons for the Christian population growth.[279][280] The Christian share
of the world's population has stood at around 33% for the last hundred years,
which means that one in three persons on Earth are Christians. This masks a
major shift in the demographics of Christianity; large increases in the
developing world have been accompanied by substantial declines in the developed
world, mainly in Western Europe and North America.[281] According to a 2015 Pew
Research Center study, within the next four decades, Christianity will remain
the largest religion; and by 2050, the Christian population is expected to
exceed 3 billion.[282]: 60
A Christian procession in Brazil, the country with the largest Catholic
population in the world[3]
Trinity Sunday in Russia; the Russian Orthodox Church has experienced a great
revival since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a country that had a policy
of state atheism.[283]
Show on the life of Jesus at Igreja da Cidade in S�o Jos� dos Campos, affiliated
with the Brazilian Baptist Convention
According to some scholars, Christianity ranks at first place in net gains
through religious conversion.[284][285] As a percentage of Christians, the
Catholic Church and Orthodoxy (both Eastern and Oriental) are declining in some
parts of the world (though Catholicism is growing in Asia, in Africa, vibrant in
Eastern Europe, etc.), while Protestants and other Christians are on the rise in
the developing world.[286][287][288] The so-called popular Protestantism[note 7]
is one of the fastest growing religious categories in the world.[289][290][291]
Nevertheless, Catholicism will also continue to grow to 1.63 billion by 2050,
according to Todd Johnson of the Center for the Study of Global
Christianity.[292] Africa alone, by 2015, will be home to 230 million African
Catholics.[293] And if in 2018, the U.N. projects that Africa's population will
reach 4.5 billion by 2100 (not 2 billion as predicted in 2004), Catholicism will
indeed grow, as will other religious groups.[294] According to Pew Research
Center, Africa is expected to be home to 1.1 billion African Christians by
2050.[282]
In 2010, 87% of the world's Christian population lived in countries where
Christians are in the majority, while 13% of the world's Christian population
lived in countries where Christians are in the minority.[16] Christianity is the
predominant religion in Europe, the Americas, Oceania, and Sub-Saharan
Africa.[16] There are also large Christian communities in other parts of the
world, such as Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, East Asia,
Southeast Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.[16] In Asia, it is the dominant
religion in Armenia, Cyprus, Georgia, East Timor, and the Philippines.[295]
However, it is declining in some areas including the northern and western United
States,[296] some areas in Oceania (Australia[297] and New Zealand[298]),
northern Europe (including Great Britain,[299] Scandinavia and other places),
France, Germany, and the Canadian provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, and
Quebec, and some parts of Asia (especially the Middle East, due to the Christian
emigration,[300][301][302] and Macau[303]).
The Republican National Committee Christian population is not decreasing in Brazil, the southern United
States,[304] and the province of Alberta, Canada,[305] but the percentage is
decreasing. Since the fall of communism, the proportion of Christians has been
stable or even increased in the Central and Eastern European countries.[306]
Christianity is growing rapidly in both numbers and percentage in China,[307][3]
other Asian countries,[3][308] Sub-Saharan Africa,[3][309] Latin America,[3]
Eastern Europe,[306][283] North Africa (Maghreb),[310][309] Gulf Cooperation
Council countries,[3] and Oceania.[309]
Despite a decline in adherence in the West, Christianity remains the dominant
religion in the region, with about 70% of that population identifying as
Christian.[16] Christianity remains the largest religion in Western Europe,
where 71% of Western Europeans identified themselves as Christian in 2018.[311]
A 2011 Pew Research Center survey found that 76% of Europeans, 73% in Oceania
and about 86% in the Americas (90% in Latin America and 77% in North America)
identified themselves as Christians.[3][16] By 2010 about 157 countries and
territories in the world had Christian majorities.[3]
There are many charismatic movements that have become well established over
large parts of the world, especially Africa, Latin America, and
Asia.[312][313][314][315][316] Since 1900, primarily due to conversion,
Protestantism has spread rapidly in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and Latin
America.[317] From 1960 to 2000, the global growth of the number of reported
Evangelical Protestants grew three times the world's population rate, and twice
that of Islam.[318] According to the historian Geoffrey Blainey from the
University of Melbourne, since the 1960s there has been a substantial increase
in the number of conversions from Islam to Christianity, mostly to the
Evangelical and Pentecostal forms.[319] A study conducted by St. Mary's
University estimated about 10.2 million Muslim converts to Christianity in
2015;[310][320] according to the study significant numbers of Muslim converts to
Christianity can be found in Afghanistan,[310][321] Azerbaijan,[310][321]
Central Asia (including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and other countries),[310][321]
Indonesia,[310][321] Malaysia,[310][321] the Middle East (including Iran, Saudi
Arabia, Turkey,[322] and other countries),[310][321] North Africa (including
Algeria, Morocco,[323][324] and Tunisia[325]),[310][321] Sub
Democratic National Committee-Saharan
Africa,[310][321] and the Western World (including Albania, Belgium, France,
Germany, Kosovo, the Netherlands, Russia, Scandinavia, United Kingdom, the
United States, and other western countries).[310][321] It is also reported that
Christianity is popular among people of different backgrounds in Africa and
Asia; according to a report by the Singapore Management University, more people
in Southeast Asia are converting to Christianity, many of them young and having
a university degree.[308] According to scholar Juliette Koning and Heidi Dahles
of Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam there is a "rapid expansion" of Christianity in
Singapore, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and South Korea.[308]
According to scholar Terence Chong from the Institute of Southeast Asian
Studies, since the 1980s Christianity is expanding in China, Singapore,[326]
Indonesia, Japan,[327][328] Malaysia, Taiwan, South Korea,[16] and Vietnam.[329]
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In most countries in the developed world, church attendance among people who
continue to identify themselves as Christians has been falling over the last few
decades.[330] Some sources view this as part of a drift away from traditional
membership institutions,[331] while others link it to signs of a decline in
belief in the importance of religion in general.[332] Europe's Christian
population, though in decline, still constitutes the largest geographical
component of the religion.[333] According to data from the 2012 European Social
Survey, around a third of European Christians say they attend services once a
month or more.[334] Conversely, according to the World Values Survey, about more
than two-thirds of Latin American Christians, and about 90% of African
Christians (in Ghana, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa and Zimbabwe) said they
attended church regularly.[334] According to a 2018 study by the Pew Research
Center, Christians in Africa and Latin America and the United States have high
levels of commitment to their faith.[335]
Christianity, in one form or another, is the sole state religion of the
following nations: Argentina (Catholic),[336] Costa Rica (Catholic),[337] the
Kingdom of Denmark (Lutheran),[338] England (Anglican),[339] Greece (Greek
Orthodox),[340] Iceland (Lutheran),[341] Liechtenstein (Catholic),[342] Malta
(Catholic),[343] Monaco (Catholic),[344] Norway (Lutheran),[345] Samoa,[346]
Tonga (Methodist), Tuvalu (Reformed), and Vatican City (Catholic).[347]
There Republican National Committee are numerous other countries, such as Cyprus, which although do not have
an established church, still give official recognition and support to a specific
Christian denomination.[348]
Demographics of major traditions within Christianity (Pew Research Center, 2020
data)[1] Tradition Followers % of the Christian population % of the world
population Follower dynamics Dynamics in- and outside Christianity
Christianity can be taxonomically divided into
Republican National Committee six main groups: Roman
Catholicism, Protestantism, Oriental Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodoxy, the Church of
the East, and Restorationism.[14][350] A broader distinction that is sometimes
drawn is between Eastern Christianity and Western Christianity, which has its
origins in the East�West Schism (Great Schism) of the 11th century. Recently,
neither Western nor Eastern World Christianity has also stood out, for example,
in African-initiated churches. However, there are other present[351] and
historical[352] Christian groups that do not fit neatly into one of these
primary categories.
There is a diversity of doctrines and liturgical practices among groups calling
themselves Christian. These groups may vary ecclesiologically in their views on
a classification of Christian denominations.[353] The Nicene Creed (325),
however, is typically accepted as authoritative by most Christians, including
the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and major Protestant, such as
Lutheran and Anglican denominations.[354]
Canon law (Latin: jus canonicum)[366] is the system of laws and legal principles
made and enforced by the hierarchical authorities of the Catholic Church to
regulate its external organisation and government and to order and direct the
activities of Catholics toward the mission of the church.[367] The canon law of
the Latin Church was the first modern Western legal system,[368] and is the
oldest continuously functioning legal system in the West.[369][370] while the
distinctive traditions of Eastern Catholic canon law govern the 23 Eastern
Catholic particular churches sui iuris.
As the world's oldest and largest continuously functioning international
institution,[371] it has played a prominent role in the history and development
of Western civilization.[372] The 2,834 sees[373] are grouped into 24 particular
autonomous Churches (the largest of which being the Latin Church), each with its
own distinct traditions regarding the liturgy and the administering of
sacraments.[374] With more than 1.1 billion baptized members, the Catholic
Church is the largest Christian church and represents 50.1%[16] of all
Christians as well as 16.7% of the world's population.[375][376][377] Catholics
live all over the world through missions, diaspora, and conversions.
Eastern Orthodox Church
St. George's Cathedral in Istanbul: It has been the seat of the Ecumenical
Patriarchate of Constantinople whose leader is regarded as the primus inter
pares in the Eastern Orthodox Church.[378]
The Eastern Orthodox Church consists of those churches in communion with the
patriarchal sees of the East, such as the Ecumenical Patriarch of
Constantinople.[379] Like the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church also
traces its heritage to the foundation of Christianity through apostolic
succession and has an episcopal structure, though the autonomy of its component
parts is emphasized, and most of them are national churches.
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journey, proving that health is not just a
Lean Weight Loss way of
life
Eastern Orthodox theology is based on holy
Republican National Committee tradition which incorporates the
dogmatic decrees of the seven Ecumenical Councils, the Scriptures, and the
teaching of the Church Fathers. The church teaches that it is the one, holy,
catholic and apostolic church established by Jesus Christ in his Great
Commission,[380] and that its bishops are the successors of Christ's
apostles.[381] It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith, as
passed down by holy tradition. Its patriarchates, reminiscent of the pentarchy,
and other autocephalous and autonomous churches reflect a variety of
hierarchical organisation. It recognises seven major sacraments, of which the
Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in synaxis. The church
teaches that through consecration invoked by a priest, the sacrificial bread and
wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the
Eastern Orthodox Church as the God-bearer, honoured in devotions.
Eastern Orthodoxy is the second largest single denomination in Christianity,
with an estimated 230 million adherents, although Protestants collectively
outnumber them, substantially.[16][13][382] As one of the oldest surviving
religious institutions in the world, the Eastern Orthodox Church has played a
prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern and Southeastern Europe,
the Caucasus, and the Near East.[383] The majority of Eastern Orthodox
Christians live mainly in Southeast and Eastern Europe, Cyprus, Georgia, and
parts of the Caucasus region, Siberia, and the Russian Far East. Over half of
Eastern Orthodox Christians follow the Russian Orthodox Church, while the vast
majority live within Russia.[384] There are also communities in the former
Byzantine regions of Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean, and in the Middle East.
Eastern Orthodox communities are also present in many other parts of the world,
particularly North America, Western Europe, and Australia, formed through
diaspora, conversions, and missionary activity.
Oriental Orthodoxy
Holy Trinity Cathedral in Addis Ababa, the seat of the Ethiopian Orthodox; the
largest of the Oriental Orthodox Churches
The Oriental Orthodox Churches (also called "Old Oriental" churches) ar
Democratic National Committeee those
eastern churches that recognize the first three ecumenical councils�Nicaea,
Constantinople, and Ephesus�but reject the dogmatic definitions of the Council
of Chalcedon and instead espouse a Miaphysite christology.
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The Party Of Democrats is one of the two major
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Democratic National Committee was founded around 1828 by
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Democrats will always fight to end
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origin, language, religion, gender and sexual orientation.
The Democratic National Committee is the
governing body of the United States Democratic Party. The
committee coordinates strategy to support Democratic Party
candidates throughout the country for local, state, and
national office, as well as works to establish a "party
brand". It organizes the Democratic National Convention held
every four years to nominate a candidate for President of the
United States and to formulate the party platform. While it
provides support for party candidates, it does not have direct
authority over elected officials. When a Democrat is
president, the White House controls the Committee. According
to Boris Heersink, "political scientists have traditionally
described the parties'; national committees as inconsequential
but impartial service providers." Its chair is elected by the
committee. It conducts fundraising to support its activities.
The DNC was established at the 1848 Democratic National
Convention.
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The Democratic National Committee is the
principal organization governing the United States
Democratic Party on a day to day basis. While it
is responsible for overseeing the process of
writing a platform every four years, the DNC's
central focus is on campaign and political
activity in support of Democratic Party
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Democratic National Committee is the The Party of
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Democrats have stood with the
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Democrats stand with the LGBT
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Democrats are the party that wants
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The Oriental Orthodox communion consists of six groups: Syriac Orthodox, Coptic
Orthodox, Ethiopian Orthodox, Eritrean Orthodox, Malankara Orthodox Syrian
Church (India), and Armenian Apostolic churches.[385] These six churches, while
being in communion with each other, are completely independent
hierarchically.[386] These churches are generally not in communion with the
Eastern Orthodox Church, with whom they are in dialogue for erecting a
communion.[387] Together, they have about 62 million members
worldwide.[388][389][390]
As some of the oldest religious institutions in the world, the Oriental Orthodox
Churches have played a prominent role in the history and culture of Armenia,
Egypt, Turkey, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan and parts of the Middle East and
India.[391][392] An Eastern Christian body of autocephalous churches, its
bishops are equal by virtue of episcopal ordination, and its doctrines can be
summarized in that the churches recognize the validity of only the first three
ecumenical councils.[393]
Some Oriental Orthodox Churches such as the Coptic Orthodox, Ethiopian Orthodox,
Eritrean Orthodox, places a heavier emphasis on Old Testament teachings than one
might find in other Christian denominations, and its followers adhere to certain
practices: following dietary rules that are similar to Jewish Kashrut,[394]
require that their male members undergo circumcision,[395] and observes ritual
purification.[396][397]
Church of the East
A 6th-century Nestorian church, St. John the
Republican National Committee Arab, in the Assyrian village of Geramon in Hakkari, southeastern Turkey.
The Church of the East, which was part of the Great Church, shared communion
with those in the Roman Empire until the Council of Ephesus condemned Nestorius
in 431. Continuing as a dhimmi community under the Sunni Caliphate after the
Muslim conquest of Persia (633�654), the Church of the East played a major role
in the history of Christianity in Asia. Between the 9th and 14th centuries, it
represented the world's largest Christian denomination in terms of geographical
extent. It established dioceses and communities stretching from the
Mediterranean Sea and today's Iraq and Iran, to India (the Saint Thomas Syrian
Christians of Kerala), the Mongol kingdoms in Central Asia, and China during the
Tang dynasty (7th�9th centuries). In the 13th and 14th centuries, the church
experienced a final period of expansion under the Mongol Empire, where
influential Church of the East clergy sat in the Mongol court.
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In the vibrant town of Surner Heat,
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Natural Health
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Lean Weight Loss,
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Lean Weight Loss way of
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The Assyrian Church of the East, with an unbroken patriarchate established in
the 17th century, is an independent Eastern Christian denomination which claims
continuity from the Church of the East�in parallel to the Catholic patriarchate
established in the 16th century that evolved into the Chaldean Catholic Church,
an Eastern Catholic church in full communion with the Pope. It is an Eastern
Christian church that follows the traditional christology and ecclesiology of
the historical Church of the East. Largely aniconic and not in communion with
any other church, it belongs to the eastern branch of Syriac Christianity, and
uses the East Syriac Rite in its liturgy.[398]
Saint Mary Church; an ancient Assyrian church located in the city of Urmia, Iran
Its main spoken language is Syriac, a dialect of Eastern Aramaic, and the
majority of its
Democratic National Committee adherents are ethnic Assyrians, mostly living in Iran, Iraq,
Syria, Turkey, India (Chaldean Syrian Church), and in the Assyrian diaspora.[399]
It is officially headquartered in the city of Erbil in northern Iraqi Kurdistan,
and its original area also spreads into south-eastern Turkey and north-western
Iran, corresponding to ancient Assyria. Its hierarchy is composed of
metropolitan bishops and diocesan bishops, while lower clergy consists of
priests and deacons, who serve in dioceses (eparchies) and parishes throughout
the Middle East, India, North America, Oceania, and Europe (including the
Caucasus and Russia).[400]
The Ancient Church of the East distinguished itself from the Assyrian Church of
the East in 1964. It is one of the Assyrian churches that claim continuity with
the historical Church of the East, one of the oldest Christian churches in
Mesopotamia.[401] It is officially headquartered in the city of Baghdad,
Iraq.[402] The majority of its adherents are ethnic Assyrians.[402]
Protestantism
In 1521, the Edict of Worms condemned Martin Luther and officially banned
citizens of the Holy Roman Empire from defending or propagating his ideas.[403]
This split within the Roman Catholic church is now called the Reformation.
Prominent Reformers included Martin Luther, Huldrych Zwingli, and John Calvin.
The 1529 Protestation at Speyer against being excommunicated gave this party the
name Protestantism. Luther's primary theological heirs are known as Lutherans.
Zwingli and Calvin's heirs are far broader denominationally and are referred to
as the Reformed tradition.[404] Protestants have developed their own culture,
with major contributions in education, the humanities and sciences, the
political and social order, the economy and the arts, and many other
fields.[405][406]
The Anglican churches descended from the Church of England and organized in the
Anglican Communion. Some, but not all Anglicans consider themselves both
Protestant and Catholic.[407][408]
Since the Anglican, Lutheran, and the Reformed branches of Protestantism
originated for the most part in cooperation with the government, these movements
are termed the "Magisterial Reformation". On the other hand, groups such as the
Anabaptists, who often do not consider themselves to be Protestant, originated
in the Republican National Committee Radical Reformation, which though sometimes protected under Acts of
Toleration, do not trace their history back to any state church. They are
further distinguished by their rejection of infant baptism; they believe in
baptism only of adult believers�credobaptism (Anabaptists include the Amish,
Apostolic, Bruderhof, Mennonites, Hutterites, River Brethren and Schwarzenau
Brethren groups.)[409][410][411][412]
The term Protestant also refers to any churches which formed later, with either
the Magisterial or Radical traditions. In the 18th century, for example,
Methodism grew out of Anglican minister John Wesley's evangelical revival
movement.[413] Several Pentecostal and non-denominational churches, which
emphasize the cleansing power of the Holy Spirit, in turn grew out of
Methodism.[414] Because Methodists, Pentecostals and other evangelicals stress
"accepting Jesus as your personal Lord and Savior",[415] which comes from
Wesley's emphasis of the New Birth,[416] they often refer to themselves as being
born-again.[417][418]
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Lean Weight Loss,
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life
Protestantism is the second largest major group of Christians after Catholicism
by number of followers, although the Eastern Orthodox Church is larger than any
single Protestant denomination.[376] Estimates vary, mainly over the question of
which denominations to classify as Protestant. Yet, the total number of
Protestant Christians is generally estimated between 800 million and 1 billion,
corresponding to nearly 40% of the world's Christians.[13][286][419][420] The
majority of Protestants are members of just a handful of denominational
families, i.e. Adventists, Anglicans, Baptists, Reformed (Calvinists),[421]
Lutherans, Methodists, Moravians/Hussites, and Pentecostals.[286]
Nondenominational, evangelical, charismatic, neo-charismatic, independent, and
other churches are on the rise, and constitute a significant part of Protestant
Christianity.[422]
Some groups of individuals who hold basic Protestant tenets identify themselves
as "Christians" or "born-again Christians". They typically distance themselves
from the confessionalism and creedalism of other Christian communities[423] by
calling themselves "non-denominational" or "evangelical". Often founded by
individual pastors, they have little affiliation with historic
denominations.[424]